The Protestant Break Leo X 1513-21 - 1605 Words

This resumà © will detail a single chapter of Barbara Tuchman’s work The March of Folly, which is â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21.† The topic of Tuchman’s discussion in the chapter is the nature of Leo X’s reign as the pope and the effect that it had on history. Following the examination of other renaissance papacies in previous chapters, Tuchman continues a study of how the era’s popes provoked the Protestant secession. â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21† is a salient chapter, however, in that it is during Leo X’s reign that Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the church door and indirectly launches the Reformation. Tuchman’s main argument in the chapter is that the worldly and extravagant nature of Leo X’s papacy failed to prevent, and rather was complicit in, the sparking and proliferation of the Protestant Reformation. It is important to note that Tuchman accurately states it was not Leo’s ti me as pope alone which caused the reformation, it simply exacerbated existing discontent and provided a rallying revolt. The supporting arguments are broken into two subsections of the chapter. Tuchman first generally shows that Leo X was a hedonist far removed from the supposed holiness of his position, and that his fervent spending frequently required him to turn to unscrupulous methods of paying his debts. Thus, there was a growing massive pressure for reform. Secondly, Tuchman argues that indulgences specifically are to blame for provoking open revolt. Friar Tetzel’sShow MoreRelatedEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 Pageswound, and the plot collapsed. In spite of the attacks of Girolamo Savonarola, Lorenzo allowed him to continue preaching. Lorenzos historical significance was being a patron of Bottielli and Michaelangelo. His second son later became pope as Leo X. ? Henry VIII lived from 1491--1547, and he reigned from 1509--1547. He married his brother Arthurs widow, Katharine of Arogon, who bore him a daughter, MARY I. His chief minister, Thomas Wolsey, concluded an alliance with Francis I of FranceRead MoreHenry Viii and the English Reformation4950 Words   |  20 Pagesresult of a state policy driven by Henry VIII? It is indeed simplistic to consider Henry VIII as the sole reason for the English Reformation. According to A.G. Dickens, the movement towards reformation began before the actions that lead to the official break from the Roman Catholicism. Henry VIII’s desire for a male heir drove his desire for separation. This fact coupled with the political, religious, and social factors of the day converged resulting in what became the English Reformation. Haigh states

How Current Project Teams Within The Organization Can Work...

Introduction This briefing paper will address the question of how current project teams within the organization can work more collaboratively and effectively. Due to the number of recent failed projects, the organization is currently looking into how project teams are set up and managed. The issue, given the circumstances, revolves around how to equip managers, team leaders, and members with the skills and support to progress from project teams to high performing project teams in order to deliver the much-needed results in their respective units. This is an interesting issue in light of the fact several departments already have teams set up to carry out special projects without any formal process or best practice in place. This brief†¦show more content†¦In many cases these individuals have their own ideas, goals and objectives oftentimes rendering it a challenge to get everyone on one accord. So how can they work together effectively to drive favorable results? Both the team leader and the team members have very important roles in ensuring the effectiveness of the team. These teams, while carefully built and very effective in what they do, require constant leadership attention. This perhaps is the most important issue that could affect a high performing team. A weak leader, who is unable to set good examples or enforce good behavior and or performance accountability, could ultimately result in a broad range of team performance issues. A high performing team requires a leader who communicates clear visions and goals, motivates team members, and capitalizes on each individual’s strengths. However leading a project team comes with its own issues. These could include among others: a) dealing with diversity in the group b) ensuring quality project performance c) communicating and managing virtual teams d) setting clear goals and ensuring clear communicating with the team e) resolving conflict within the team f) staying on top of group d eadlines and g) keeping team members motivated. Effective team members are willing to communicate respectfully and effectively with others. In

Nutrition And Motivational Interviewing The Health And...

Nutrition and Motivational Interviewing in Adolescence Health and Healing 1 Georgian College Harrison Klein 200321230 Although we all know what nutrition is, are we nutritious? Do we have the education and knowledge to be nutritious? A lot of people do not, and that is why this topic is relevant to society, especially adolescence. No matter what, good nutrition is essential for everyone, but it is especially important for growing teenagers. Proper nutrition promotes optimal growth and development. A poor diet can lead to many problems, and that is why it is very important to further educate proper eating habits and nutrition. Teens need to know what to eat, when to eat, and how much of it is healthy in order to maintain a healthy and balanced lifestyle. Most teenagers like to think that because they are young, they are indestructible and can eat whatever and whenever they want, without thinking about the future. Not only does eating today reflect on health in the long run, but the habits that are built today are tough to break later in life. A lot of people need help because they’re unaware o f the junk that they put into their bodies. Depression, puberty, school pressure, sex, drugs and alcohol, and heightened emotions are all part of the teen years. All of these factors play a large role in eating habits, and that is where help is needed the most. A poor diet can lead to energy imbalance (e.g., eating more calories than oneShow MoreRelatedGeneral Taking Medication Is Not My Cup Of Tea2148 Words   |  9 Pagestake it upon myself to communicate with the physician and come up with a care plan that will be patient-centered. I would ask him about his medication taking experience with his traditional healing practices just to get a little bit of background information. I would try and communicate with his traditional healing provider and together with his primary care provider, come up with care plan that makes the patient feel understood and appreciated. Based on his response, he is willing to take the medicationRead MoreLong Term Management Plan After 45min Consultation1 987 Words   |  8 Pagesappropriate therapeutic choices for best outcome of the patient health.The most difficult challenge in this patient is lack of time; How long you can wait to improve patients depression and energy level? ; Because waiting might have injurious to his health, and jeopardize survival prognosis with chemo radiation. Therefore, rapid improvement in patient’s depressive symptoms is necessary. Many naturopathic options for depression take a while to act compared to antidepressant therapy. In the past patientRead MoreCompassion Fatigue9142 Words   |  37 PagesCONCHITA BRANZUELA BERGADO CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION: Quality of life among healthcare providers will matter on the quality and safety of patient care. Today the proportion of acute patients entering the health care system through emergency departments continues to grow and the number of patients in the Intensive care unit also increasing. In emergency room department, the Emergency medical services (EMS) workers are primary providers of pre-hospitalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescommunication. These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion; tall men and short character; steep profits and shallow relationships. These are the times of world peace but domestic warfare; more leisure but less fun; more kinds of food but less nutrition. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, of fancier houses but broken homes. These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quietRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesAssignments General Criteria Adaptability to Cultural Change Physical and Emotional Health Age, Experience, and Education Language Training Motivation for a Foreign Assignment Spouses and Dependents or Work-Family Issues Leadership Ability Other Considerations 503 503 504 505 505 506 506 506 507 507 Economic Pressures and Trends in Expat Assignments International Human Resource Selection Procedures Testing and Interviewing Procedures The Adjustment Process 509 510 510 510 Compensation CommonRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages125 countries and more than 270,000 members. PMI professionals come from virtually every major industry, including aerospace, automotive, business management, construction, engineering, financial services, information technology, pharmaceuticals, health care, and telecommunications. PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP)—someone who has documented sufficient project experience, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated mastery of the field

The Link Between Health, Social Divisions, Economic...

PART 2: THE LINK BETWEEN HEALTH, SOCIAL DIVISIONS, ECONOMIC DISPARITIES, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS AND INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS. The aim of this essay is to identify the definition of health and how an individual or groups health can be affected by various socio-economic and psychological factors. Firstly, the essay will define the concept of health explore each factor individually. Then it will examine the evidence that support the link between these factors and their impact on health. Finally, the essay will explore personal observations that support these findings. The World Health Organization defines health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† a definition that has not been amended since 1948 (World Health Organization, 2003). This definition has been further supported by the shift from a biomedical model to a biopsychosocial model which considers the social, psychological and behavioural dimensions of illness (Engel, 1977). These dimensions interact and affect each other and have an impact on health. A report on England from the Office for National Statistics shows that, despite 67 years of the NHS, there remain marked differences in all parameters of health across the social classes. The report found that men and women in deprived areas have a 9.2 years and 6.8 years shorter life expectancy, respectively, than those living in less deprived areas. They also spend less of their life inShow MoreRelatedHealth and Social Class Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesThe aim of this essay is to examine the influence that socio-economic status has on an individual’s health. â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (WHO, 1948.) 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Intersectionality is theRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 PagesThe process of creating and using the art, social functions of art, thoughts, emotion John Chernoff: study of drumming in Ghana, learned to become a drummer, He had to learn about the culture and how drumming fits into it. ART: has a role of socializing children into the culture (teaches you things you should value as a child, relationships, communication of personal and group identity. Legitimize political leaders, political resistance and social change (such as graffiti) and art done duringRead MoreDimensionalizing Cultures. the Hofstede Model in Context11051 Words   |  45 Pagesarticle stresses that dimensions depend on the level of aggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8Read MoreLinkages Of Peri Urban Community9971 Words   |  40 Pagescaused by the physical expansion of a city’s physical boundary into adjoining regions. Physical expansions in such manner could stem from urban growth, economic growth and relocation of industries.(Lacquinta and Drescher 2000) Peri-urbanisation may become the dominant 21st century challenge for regional and city planning and design. The peri-urban is a zone of social and economic change and restructuring, a zone of intensive and sometimes even chaotic development. 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Introduction 1.1. Background In Nepal, on 25th April 2015 Saturday at 11;56 local times, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake hit Barpak in the historic district of Gorkha, about 76 km northwest of Kathmandu. Since the major shock till 7th June 2015, there were 300Read MoreSingle-gender classrooms would not improve the quality of education in American public schools.9319 Words   |  38 Pages2008 Raà ºl Hinojosa-Ojeda, Ph.D. is the founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center and associate professor in the Division of Social Sciences and the Cà ©sar E. Chà ¡vez Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Born in Mexico and raised in Chicago, he received a B.A. in economics, an M.A. in anthropology, and a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Chicago. The Immigration Policy Center (IPC) is the research and policy

Macbeth-Struggle for Power Free Essays

It is indeed evident that the play, Macbeth is ultimately about the struggle for power. Power is something many desire where people often change and become evil in their attempts to acquire it and during this play the characters go through many changes which lead to disaster. The two main characters mostly influenced by power in this Shakespearean play are Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth-Struggle for Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Macbeth is swayed by the prophecy made by the witches and also by Lady Macbeth who holds great control over her husband. Through the analysis of characters and techniques it can be seen that the desire of gaining power is evident in the play, Macbeth and that the characters stop at nothing to achieve their goals. Although the protagonist gains power there is still a constant thirst for more, to better their position one step further, even if it comes at the expense of a life. Macbeth becomes fixated on rising to the throne in place of King Duncan however; just recently, he has been given the title of thane of Cawdor by the king. Although happy with the new title and new power, Macbeth still craves for the role held by the king. The importance of honor in society is a primary theme as it is what provokes Macbeth to kill for kingship and sends him on a dismal journey towards the throne. â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir†. (ACT I scene 3, lines 143-145) This demonstrates the ideology that Macbeth is not satisfied with just being a thane but has now heard the prophecy and is seduced by the thought of gaining more power. He hastily makes the decision to Kill Duncan with the influence of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth’s struggle for power starts the moment she appears in the play where she finds the letter and launches into criticizing Macbeth’s manhood. â€Å"It is too full of o’ th’ milk of human kindness†. This metaphoric language mirrors the domineering character of Lady Macbeth where she accuses him of being too gentle to kill King Duncan. She believes this so much that she calls on evil spirits to remove Macbeth’s kind nature. â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valor of my tongue all that impedes thee from the golden round, which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem to have thee crowned withal. (Act 1 Scene 5, lines 23-28) Denoting that she is willing to cast out all that is righteous and dignified about her husband in efforts to gain power. She doesn’t hesitate to execute the plan of murdering King Duncan because she believes the prophecy is true and that destiny is on her side. In search of power, the characters change and descend into a compulsive state which leads to disaster. As Macbeth falls deeper into this obsession with the throne he becomes a more dishonest and cunning character. â€Å"Who’s there? A friend†. ACT II scene 1, lines 11-12). This use of irony depicts the deceitful nature of Macbeth as he descends into madness. Banquo is a very loyal general to the King and he will not be tempted by Macbeth into betraying him. Macbeth is certainly no friend to Banquo, his murderous quest to kill Duncan contradicts Banquo’s morals and judgment. â€Å"Upon this bank and shoal of time we’d jump the life to come† (ACT I scene 7, lines 6-7). This metaphor exemplifies the idea that this shallow or narrow ford of human life in this great river of eternity. Shakespeare has creatively used symbolism through metaphoric language to demonstrate how a narrow river being cut off and dried up is Macbeth killing Duncan. He will be overthrowing the natural order of the heir to the throne and setting his place in eternity. Evidently he must kill King Duncan in this short period of time while he is still vulnerable in his castle. The effect of ambition on Macbeth drives him into his contemptible acts in order to assume the throne. He falls into a deep obsession which consumes his rational thought and he becomes very evil and conniving. Is this the dagger which I see before me, the handle towards my hand? † (ACT II scene 1, line 33-34) This foreshadowing illustrates the subconscious thoughts of Macbeth and how they materialize in front of him. He starts to visualize this dagger, predicting the malicious tasks ahead which add the disturbing atmosphere. Macbeth chooses to abuse his power over others and he becomes a hated king. This is caused not only by his cruelty but also the many superstitions by people who think he killed Duncan which greatly depleted his power. Lady Macbeth is quick to become evil in her ways as she is the mastermind behind the killing of Duncan. He that’s coming must be provided for, and you shall put this night’s great business into my dispatch† (ACT I scene 6, lines 64-66). These heartless puns convey Lady Macbeth’s merciless intentions for the night’s gathering. Being provided for often takes on the meaning of being fed but in this case Lady Macbeth is referring to the death of King Duncan. Putting the night’s business into her dispatch appears to be something along the lines of carrying out the welcome of the guests and of course she is indicating that Macbeth must follow her instruction in order to kill King Duncan. Ultimately it is evident that Macbeth is about the struggle for power where once you have gained a certain power you still yearn more, establishing a constant desire. When the characters are in search of power they become obsessive and this causes them to change and become evil. Therefore it can be seen that the importance and desire for power greatly contributes to the outcome of the play and the fate of the characters. How to cite Macbeth-Struggle for Power, Essay examples

Applications of Laser free essay sample

Defense A Laser Range Finder is an example of an application in the defense system of a country. To knock down an enemy tank, it is necessary to range it very accurately. Because of its high intensity and very low divergence even after travelling quite a few kilometers, laser is ideally suited for this purpose. The laser range finders using neodymium and carbon dioxide lasers have become a standard item for artillery and tanks. These laser range finders are light weight and have higher reliability and superior range accuracy as compared to the conventional range finders. The laser range finder works on the principle of a radar. Diagram of a laser range finder. Application 2 : Civil Laser cutting is an example of a civil activity. Continuous wave lasers like carbon dioxide gas lasers are extensively used for cutting a wide range of materials, such as graphite, diamond, tungsten, carbide, all metallic foils, ceramics, sapphire, and ferrite. We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Laser or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In most cases, continuous cutting is carried out with assist gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, or air, which produces both mechanical and chemical action intensifying the thermal effects. This gas-assisted cutting is applicable to the metals of thickness up to 5 mm with cut-widths down to 30 Â µm. The most promising field of laser cutting is the cutting of steels of small thickness (several millimeters) and also of non-metallic materials. Use of laser cutters in the garment industry, a new and very useful application of the lasers, has been introduced recently in the developed countries. With the aid of computers, lasers can cut clothing many times faster than the tailors using old techniques. It is now possible to slice the through several layers of thick cloth accurately and in a short time using a laser cutter. The laser system also consists of a computer, programmed with cutting instructions and patterns for various to garments. The laser beam, focused on the material cuts through the fabric, leaving impeccably smooth edges. Application 3 : :Miscellaneous Laser Printing is a common usage of laser in miscellaneous. For the last few years, there has been tremendous increase in the use of computers as an aid to the management, processing and dissemination of information. The use of computers in generating bank statements, insurance, telephone and electricity bills as well as publicity brochures advertising mass-produced goods are typical examples of this development. The peripheral device required by the computer for all these applications is the printer. Today, use of computers in large data processing installations places very high demand on printers as regards its speed, character flexibility, and print quality. The conventional impact printers can no longer meet these demands because of their limited speed and character flexibility. In the new generation printers, printing method is based on the principle of electro photography. Since the light source in such printers is a laser, these devices are called laser printers. Internal diagram of a laser printer. Application 4 : Medical Field Lasers are extensively used in medicine and surgery. The first practical application was in eye surgery, where laser was used to weld detached retina and photocoagulate the blood vessels that grow into the region in front of the retina, thereby blocking vision. The laser beam easily passes through transparent portions of the eye, including Cornea and lens to the region of its intended use where its energy is absorbed for treatment. Retina is a sensitive membrane inside the eyeball. Its detachment from the surrounding choroid coat initiates due to a hole in the retina caused by an injury or degenerative changes during the old age. This makes the thick fluid vitreous humour seep and fill itself between the retina and chord oat. The pressure between the retina and choroid coating damages the retina which soon gets detached from the optic nerve at the back of the to cause blindness.

Humanities Arts and Natural Objects Essay Example For Students

Humanities: Arts and Natural Objects Essay The chair youre sitting in, the clothes youre wearing, the building youre in, or your home, even the time Of day Which people created, all re representative of someones humanity their human-news. In other words, everything that human beings have created can be classified as part of the humanities. 2. Misconceptions on the term Humanities: It should not be confused with the terms: 2. 1. Humanism specific philosophical belief 2. 2. Humanitarianism concern for charitable works. 3, Humanities: Art and Science 3. 1, 3. 2. 3. 3. 4. Art: Skills (Greek techno or technical) Science: Involves a process. Social Science: Man as the focus. Art is the subject matter, but art is created by man for man, Humanities vs.. Philosophy Comparison: Humanities: Man is the source and mountain of all creativity. (Creating Subject) Philosophy: Man is the starting point of knowledge (Inquiring Subject) Contrast: Humanities: Explicit understanding of artworks extensions of his being (man). Philosophy: Implicit understanding of himself as composed of body and soul. Why Study Humanities? I. Through Humanities, we can be connected to places we have not visited, understand the past or history which has significance to the present. It makes LISP encounter great minds and hearts Of human history. 2. Through Humanities, we will be studying what humans have found valuable or good throughout the time. . Through Humanities, we experience connection between culture and community through different art exposures museum visits, concerts, theater performance, and support of local artists. 4. Through Humanities, we increase our respect for cultural and individual differences through a knowledge of achievements and of world civilization. 5. Through Humanities, we gain a global perspective through the knowledge of world cultures. . Through Humanities, we will be able to build up your career, focus our life, minimize frustration, and most importantly, be able to work as part of an effective team. Lecture 2 OVERVIEW ON THE ARTS 1. Art: Concept or Fact? Art is either a concept or a fact. As a concept, it is subject to be understood and be grasped by any perceiver. Furthermore, it cannot be defined because it springs from the ideas and emotions Of man concreted by means Of any sensuous material. But, art as a fact is observable; is that which is known through the senses. It refers then to any creative work Of an artist that can easily be described upon noticing the different mediums being used and the context in which it is produced. 2. Art and Experience All art demands experience. There can be no appreciation of art without experience. An experience is something that affects your life. Persons Affected by Art Experience: 1. The person of the artist. 2. The person of the percipient. Characteristics of Experience: 1. It must be personal and individual. It must not exactly be the same as that of any other person. 2. Experience is accompanied by emotion or emotional reaction. You like it or you do not like it. 3. Artist vs.. Craftsman The word art originally meant skill, ability, or craft (corresponding to the Greek techno from which we derive the words like technical and technique). In the ancient world, a work to art was simply any object that required skill or craft in its production, Only gradually, beginning about the middle of the 17th century, did work of art mean a work of fine or high art. The artisan or the craftsman is not expected to be original and he is good at his job to the extent that he can successfully follow the relevant rules. A work of a craft is good if it matches the appropriate template and performs the desired function. The artist must be creative and original. Good art cannot be produced by slavish-rule following and imitation. Great artists are genius vouches works ransacked the rules and conventions of their time. 4. The use of Natural Objects in Works Of Art There are Some artists Who Would use the natural objects as they are without changing them in levying or carrying their art work. Take for example, 3 landscape. Artists charged With the task Of landscaping would have to use the stones and other natural materials without even deforming their shape, form and organization. This is the principle Of Nan-transformation. Under the principle of Transformation, the artists have the necessarily alter the natural objects in carrying their art work because by so doing the idea of he artist, the purpose of the art, and the circumstances surrounding the art can properly be served, 5, General Classes of Artifacts The three general classes to artifacts include the following: 1. Practically useful, but not disinterestedly pleasing (subjectively pleasing) 2. Both practically useful and disinterestedly pleasing (not subjectively pleasing); and 3. Not practically useful, but disinterestedly pleasing (not subjectively pleasing). The works of art, most of the times, fall under the third class. Disinterested not determined by any personal or subjective interest. We take pleasure in something because we judge it beautiful in itself, rather than judging it beautiful because we find it pleasurable. Lab creates human embryos for stem cell research EssayWe have all animal urges and appetites. We seek food and drink, comfort and warmth, and the satisfaction of all the other animal impulses, But we should seek to find a balance in our lives between what is of the flesh and what is of the spirit. It is the very essence of man that they are artists, are makers of things necessary to live a life in which the needs of the bodily life are satisfied at one ND the needs of the spiritual at the Other. Art satisfies our bodily desires, needs and pleasures, but man does not live on bread alone (that which is material; changeable and transitory). This alone is not enough. Man still hankers or looks for spiritual aspect of art that which is of beauty, unity and order (those Which are considered as absolute realities in Plats philosophy; something unchangeable and permanent). 4. Man as an artist is reckoned in the evidence of history that there has never been a time when men and women have not been artists. That this is no new development in human nature is evidenced by the eve paintings of our very early ancestors, who, working in the very intractable material of their cave walls produced lively representations of the art. 5. Through art, man might be able to understand himself, express his own passions and desires, communicate with others; appreciate and acknowledge the kindness of others, and build a world or a society that is so pleasurable and enjoyable to live in. Functions of the Art l. The personal functions of art (art and the individual) are the most difficult to explain in any great detail. There are many theme, and they vary from person to person, We will limit to the following: l. Order ? it gives order to a messy and disorderly personal world. 2. Chaotic it gives chaos or disorder when the artist feels life is too boring, staid and ordinary. . Therapeutic for both the artist and the viewer. For example, the choice of music for hospitals, mentally disturbed patients, massage parlors. 4 Religious and Spiritual 5. Biological ways to adorn and decorate ourselves in order to be attractive enough to others, 5 2. Art has social functions (art and society) when it addresses aspects of (collective) life, as opposed to one persons point of view or experience. Art performs social function When: I. Influencing Social Behavior (Collective Behavior). Many works of art influence the way we think, feel or act. It may cause us to laugh, arouse indignation, or as a source in changing, correcting, improving the human condition or shaping the society (social change). 2. Display and Celebration Sculpture and painting are commemoration of personages in society. The statues of national heroes that grace our parks and plazas. Rituals have played an important role in peoples lives and have influenced the growth of certain arts as well. Festivals involve rituals of some kind, and these in turn, employ arts. Examples: Issuing in Zebu, Memories Festival in Martinique, Tat-titian in Kaolin and Adding in Align. . Social Description Artwork reveal how people thought, felt, and lived in certain historical period. For example, the painting that portrays the many people one in planting or harvesting rice, describes the value of unity, camaraderie and banning spirit among Filipinos. 3. The physical functions of art are most easily dealt with. Works of art that are created to perform some service have phy sical functions. Form and Function The function of an object generally determines the basic form that it takes, A chair is so designed as to allow the seated body to rest comfortable on it. Its different parts (back, arms, legs and seat) are harmoniously related to one another and integrated into an object that fulfills its particular purpose. In architecture, the design of a building is determined primarily by its operational function. A place of worship requires a big hall for the congregation to gather in; a school should serve a number Of students. These considerations determine the height Of the building, the umber of floors, the sizes and shapes of classrooms, the location of doors and Windows, the traffic patterns and the location Of facilities. In community planning (more than a group of buildings), planning should be done to avoid overcrowded areas which have brought about many social problems ranging from health to criminality. It takes into consideration the assignment of areas (residential, industrial, and commercial) for proper land use. This planning involves the efficient organization of buildings, roads and spaces so that they meet the physical and aesthetic needs of the community. As marketing tool, advertising serves several functions. It identifies products and differentiates it from others.